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KMID : 0358520050170040297
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
2005 Volume.17 No. 4 p.297 ~ p.317
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Developing and Occupational Stress Scale for Korean Employees
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Chang Sei-Jin
Koh Sang-Baek
Kang Dong-Mug
Kim Sung-Ah
Kang Myung-Gun
Lee Chul-Gab
Chung Jin-Joo
Cho Jung-Jin
Son Mi-A
Chae Chang-Ho
Kim Jung-Won
Kim Jung-Il
Kim Hyeong-Su
Roh Sang-Chul
Park Jae-Bum
Woo Jong-Min
Kim Soo-Young
Kim Jeung-Youn
Ha Mi-Na
Park Jung-Sun
Rhee Kyung-Yong
Kim Hyoung-Ryoul
Kong Jeong-Ok
Kim In-Ah
Kim Jeong-Soo
Park Jun-Ho
Hyun Sook-Jung
Sohn Dong-Kook
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Abstract
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Background and Purposes
Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees.
Subjects and Methods
Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories.
Results
We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented.
Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.
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KEYWORD
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Occupational Stress, Stress measurement, KOSS
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